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UNITED  STATES   SHIPPING  BOARD 
EMERGENCY  FLEET  CORPORATION 


TIMBER  SCHEDULE  AND 
SPECIFICATIONS 

FOR 

STANDARD  WOOD  STEAMSHIP 


GULF  AND  ATUNTIC  COAST 

URGELY  SOUTHERN  YELLOW  PINE 


REVISED  JANUARY  1,  iSltt 


23  REVISED 


SUPEBSEpBS  No.  18 


WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1918 


UNITED    STATES    SHIPPING   BOARD 
EMERGENCY   FLEET   CORPORATION 


TIMBER  SCHEDULE  AND 
SPECIFICATIONS 


FOR 


STANDARD  WOOD  STEAMSHIP 


GULF  AND  ATUNTIC  COAST 


URGELY  SOUTHERN  YELLOW  PINE 


« 

REVISED  JANUARY  1,  1918 

23  REVISED 

Supersedes  No.  18 

WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1918 

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TIMBER  SCHEDULE  AND  SPECIFICATIONS 

FOB 

STANDARD    WOOD    STEAMSHIP,  GULF    AND    ATLANTIC 

COAST. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION. 

This  schedule  has  been  drafted  for  the  information 
and  guidance  of  lumber  mills,  contractors,  and  ship- 
builders, and  constitutes  the  official  schedule  of  tim- 
bers to  be  used  in  the  construction  of  wooden  vessels 
on  the  Gulf  and  Atlantic  coasts.  It  does  not,  however, 
definitely  define  the  exact  number  of  timbers  nor  the 
exact  amount  of  board  feet  that  will  bo  required  to 
build  a  standard  wood  steamship.  Builders  may  find 
it  necessary  to  purchase  additional  items  in  order  to 
complete  the  construction  of  the  vessel  to  requirements 
of  the  Classification  Society. 

The  purchase  and  inspection  of  lumber  mider  this 
schedule  will  be  conducted  by  the  Emergency  Fleet 
Corporation  or  under  its  direction. 

Lispections  will  be  made  at  the  mills  where  lumber 
is  manufactured. 

Approved  January  1,  1918. 

United  States  Shipping  Board 
Emergency  Fleet  Corporation, 

Charles  Piez, 
Vice  Presided  and  General  Manager. 

3 


369992 


RULES  GOVERNING  TIMBER  SCHEDULE. 

The  accompanying  lumber  schedule  is  goverued 
strictly  by  the  following  rules: 

1.  Dimensions  of  timbers  in  the  form  to  be  used  in 
the  ship  are  net,  after  surfacing.  Material  must  b© 
sawed  large  enough  to  surface  down  to  these  dimen- 
sions. Dimensions  and  quantities  in  the  rough,  in 
accordance  with  the  usual  milling  practice,  are  given 
separately  for  the  information  of  manufacturers 

2,  The  specification  of  ''Dense  merchantable'^  long- 
leaf  yellow  pine  means  the  following,  as  quoted  from 
the  January  1,  1917,  gi'ading  rules  issued  by  the  South- 
ern Pine  Association . 

*^A11  merchantable  timbers  shall  be  well  manufac- 
tured and  shall  be  free  from  defects  such  as  injurious 
ring  and  roimd  shakes  and  through  shakes  that  extend 
to  the  surface,  unsound  and  loose  knots,  and  knots  in 
groups  that  will  materially  impair  the  strength.  Sea- 
soning checks  and  sap  stain  shall  not  be  considered 
defects. 

*' Sizes  under  9  inches  on  the  largest  dimension  shall 
show  two-thirds  or  more  heart  surface  on  one  of  the 
wide  faces;  sizes  9  inches  and  over  on  the  largest  dimen- 
sion shall  show  two-thirds  or  more  heart  on  both  of  the 
wide  faces.  When  sticks  are  square  the  face  showing 
the  most  heart  shall  govern  the  inspection  on  sizes  under 
9  inches  and  the  two  faces  showing  the  most  heart  shall 
govern  the  inspection  when  9  inches  and  over.  Heart 
showing  the  full  length,  even  if  not  two-thirds  of  the 
area  as  above,  shall  meet  the  requirements  of  this 
quality. 

*'Wane  not  exceeding  one-eighth  of  the  dimension  of 
the  face  and  one-quarter  of  the  length  of  the  piece  on 

5 


6  STANDAEB   WOOD   STEAMSHIP. 

one  corner,  or  the  equivalent  on  two  or  more  corners 
on  not  to  exceed  10  per  cent  of  the  pieces,  shall  be 
admitted. 

"  Dense  southern  yellow  pine  shall  show  on  either  end 
an  average  of  at  least  six  annual  rings  per  inch  and  at 
least  one-third  summer  wood,  or  else  the  greater  num- 
ber of  the  rings  shall  show  at  least  one-third  summer 
wood,  all  as  measured  over  the  third,  fourth,  and  fifth 
inches  of  a  radial  line  from  the  pith.  Wide-ringed  ma- 
terial excluded  by  this  rule  will  be  acceptable,  provided 
that  the  amount  of  summer  wood  as  above  measured 
shall  be  at  least  one-half. 

''The  contrast  in  color  between  smnmer  wood  and 
spring  wood  shall  be  sharp  and  the  summer  wood 
shall  be  dark  in  color,  except  in  pieces  having  con- 
wsiderably  above  the  minimum  requirement  for  summer 
wood. 

''In  cases  where  timbers  do  not  contain  the  pith, 
and  it  is  impossible  to  locate  it  with  any  degree  of 
accuracy,  the  same  inspection  shall  be  made  over  3 
inches  on  an  approximate  radial  line  beginning  at  the 
edge  nearest  the  pith  in  timbers  over  3  inches  in  thick- 
ness and  on  the  second  inch  (on  the  piece)  nearest  to 
the  pith  in  timbers  3  inches  or  less  in  thickness. 

"In  dimension  material  containing  the  pith  but  not 
a  5-inch  radial  line,  which  is  less  than  2  by  8  inches 
in  section  or  less  than  8  inches  in  width,  that  does 
not  show  over  16  square  inches  on  the  cross  section,  the 
inspection  shall  apply  to  the  second  inch  from  the  pith. 
In  larger  material  that  does  not  show  a  5-inch  radial 
line  the  inspection  shall  apply  to  the  3  inches  farthest 
from  the  pith. 

"The  radial  line  chosen  shall  be  representative.  In 
case  of  disagreement  between  purchaser  and  seller,  the 
average  summer  wood  and  number  of  rings  shall  be 
the  average  of  the  two  radial  lines  chosen.'' 

3.  Items  29,  97,  99,  102,  106,  107,  108,  110,  111,  112, 
115,  118,  122,  123,  134,  and  136  are  to  be  furnished 
under  the  density  rule,  but  one  wide  face  of  every 
piece  must  be  all  heart,  free  of  wane.     All  these  tim- 


STANDARD    WOOD   STEAMSHIP.  T 

bers  except  item  29  must  show  on  edges  adjoining  the 
heart  face  85  per  cent  heart  the  full  length  of  stick, 
which  may  be  reduced  to  three-fourths  of  the  length 
for  item  29. 

4.  The  specifications  governing  yellow  pine  grades 
No.  1  common,  A  edge  grain  flooring,  and  A  finish  are 
given  in  the  Standard  Specifications  for  Grades  of 
Southern  Yellow  Pine  Lumber  issued  by  the  Southern 
Pine  Association  April  1,  1917. 

5.  Cypress  timbers  shall  be  equivalent  in  grade  to 
No.  1  common.  The  specifications  governing  cypress 
grades  are  given  in  the  Standard  Grades  and  Classifi- 
cations of  the  Southern  Cypress  Manufacturers'  Associa- 
tion, edition  of  January  1,  1917. 

6.  Oak  items,  unless  otherwise  specified,  shall  be 
selected  stock  from  the  grade  of  construction  oak  tim- 
bers. Tlie  specifications  governing  oak  grades  are 
given  in  Association  Standard  Grades  issued  by  the 
Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association  of  the  United 
States  October  1,  1915. 

7.  Kjiees  shall  be  free  from  rot,  heart,  or  ring  shake, 
large  or  loose  knots,  and  other  defects  which  would 
impair  their  strength  for  the  purpose  intended.  They 
must  be  natural  crooks. 

8.  Treenails  shall  be  of  clear  all-heart  wood,  straight 
grained,  and  thoroughly  air  dried. 

9.  Unsurfaced  items  40  feet  long  and  over  and  18 
by  18  inches  and  over  may  be  furnished  by  the  mills 
either  hewn  or  sawed.  If  furnished  hewn,  such  items 
shall  run  a  full  inch  over  the  specified  size  and  be 
square  edged  and  of  uniform  size  throughout. 

Items  145,  146,  147,  148,  149,  150,  and  151,  oak 
timbers,  may  be  furnished  by  the  mills  either  hewn  or 
sawed.     If  furnished  hewn,  they  shall  run  a  full  inch 

33331—18 2 


8  STANDARD  WOOD  STEAMSHIP. 

over  the  specified  size  and  be  square  edged  and  of 
uniform  size  throughout. 

10.  Any  finished  timbers  in  this  schedule  which  ship- 
builders may  desire  to  have  furnished  rough,  gross  size, 
may  be  furnished  that  way  by  mutual  arrangement 
with  the  mills  designated  to  saw  the  timbers. 

11.  The  frame  timbers  to  be  either  square  edged  or 
flitches,  provided  that  the  specified  width  is  obtained 
at  the  narrowest  point  inside  of  the  bark,  except  where 
templets  are  used  as  provided  for  in  rule  16. 

12.  All  timbers  that  are  furnished  rough  can  be  put 
into  ships  unsurfaced  except  as  regards  necessary  sur- 
facing to  make  a  good  workmanlike  job  in  the  fitting 
of  the  timbers  and  the  surfacing  that  would  be  brought 
about  by  having  to  shape  the  timbers. 

13.  Substitutions. — Any  yeUow-pine  items  can  be 
furnished  in  real  white  oak  or  live  oak  of  the  sizes  as 
specified.  Any  of  the  larger  sized  yellow-pine  timbers 
may  be  furnished  in  fir  if  desired,  in  the  same  sizes  as 
shown  in  this  schedule,    . 

Items  specified  to  be  furnished  in  white  oak  can  be 
furnished  in  live  oak  or  greenheart,  but  not  in  fir  or 
yellow  pine,  except  that  the  keel  shoe  may  be  of  gum 
or  other  material  approved  by  the  American  Bureau  of 
Shipping. 

The  frames  may  be  furnished  in  red  swamp  cypress 
in  the  same  sizes  as  given  in  the  schedule.  Red  swamp 
cypress  may  also  be  substituted  for  the  aprons,  dead- 
woods,  hooks,  and  pointers  in  the  same  sizes  as  given 
in  the  schedule.    These  are  items  7,  10, 12,  and  125. 

14.  Firms  which  do  not  have  facilities  for  manufac- 
turing finished  treenails,  but  which  wish  to  supply  rough 
lumber  from  which  treenails  may  be  made  by  ship- 


STANDARD   WOOD   STEAMSHIP.  P 

building   firms,    may   find    the   following   suggestions 
helpful: 

Treenails,  finished  size  1^  by  26  inches,  can  be  manu- 
factured from  li  by  IJ  by  26  inches  rough  dimension 
stock.  Amount  of  lumber  in  each  piece  is  0.405  board 
foot. 

Treenails,  finished  size  If  by  32  inches,  can  be  made 
from  1 J  by  1^  by  32  inches  rough  dimension  stock, 
each  piece  containing  J  board  foot. 

Treenails,  finished  size  If  by  36  inches,  can  be  made 
from  H  by  IJ  by  36  inches  rough  dimension  stock,  each 
piece  containing  0.562  board  foot. 

15.  In  view  of  portions  of  certain  of  the  timbers 
being  cut  away  by  shaping,  scarfs,  etc.,  the  following 
defects  may  be  allowed,  in  the  discretion  of  the  owner's 
timber  inspector: 

Item  4.  Knightheads:  These  can  have  12  inches  of 
wane  the  entire  length  of  one  corner  or  any  other 
defect  that  will  work  out. 

^Item  5.  Stem:  Wane  or  any  other  defect  anywhere 
in  the  piece  that  will  work  out  when  timber  is  shaped 
will  be  allowed. 

Items  23,  26,  and  27.  Hatch  strong  backs:  These  can 
have  wane  the  entire  length  on  two  corners  or  any 
other  defect  that  will  work  out  when  timber  is  shaped. 

Item  32.  Clamp  timbers:  2,400  linear  feet  of  these 
can  have  5  inches  of  wane  the  entire  length  on  one 
corner  or  any  other  defect  that  will  work  out  when 
timber  is  shaped.  Splits,  shakes,  or  any  other  defects 
in  the  end  that  will  work  out  in  the  scarf  will  be  allowed. 

Items  31  and  56.  Bilge  ceiling:  2  inches  of  wane  or 
other  .defects  that  will  work  out  will  be  allowed  on  two 


10  STANDARD   WOOD   STEAMSHIP. 

corners  or  sides  on  600  linear  feet  of  item  No.  31  and 
400  linear  feet  of  item  No.  56. 

Items  41  to  52.  Upper  deck  beams:  Wane  or  any 
other  defect  will  be  allowed  that  will  work  out  when 
the  timber  is  shaped  to  14  inches  in  width  or  as  shown 
by  plan  of  typical  midship  beam.  In  this  connection 
it  may  be  stated  that  items  41  to  51,  inclusive,  have 
the  same  camber  in  proportion  to  their  length  begin- 
ning at  the  center  as  item  No.  52. 

Items  77  and  78.  Hatch  coamings:  These  can  have 
wane  on  one  corner  the  entire  length  or  any  other 
defect  that  will  work  out. 

Items  18,  19,  29,  31,  32,  34,  56,  57,  64,  65,  69,  70,  and 
76  will  allow  wane,  splits,  shakes,  or  any  other  defects 
that  will  work  out  on  half  splice  or  scarfs. 

16.  It  is  desirable  to  use  natural  crooks  as  much  as 
possible  for  curved  timbers,  and  the  dimensions  of  a 
number  of  the  frame  timbers  can  be  considerably  re- 
duced by  their  use.  To  assist  in  this  work  templets 
showing  the  shape  of  the  finished  timber  can  be  em- 
ployed. Templets  should  be  large  enough  to  allow 
for  the  bevel  of  the  frames.  The  detail  frame  plan  will 
show  the  shape  of  the  frame  timbers,  and  the  difference 
between  the  net  size  and  the  mill  size  there  specified 
will  show  the  amount  to  be  added  to  the  width  as 
drawn  to  obtain  the  necessar}^  width  of  the  templet. 
Unless  the  templets  are  furnished  by  the  shipbuilder 
they  should  be  used  only  as  a  general  guide  in  the 
selection  of  the  timbers.  All  shipbuilders  are  to  fur- 
nish the  mills  with  paper  templets,  showing  the  finished 
size  of  flitches,  20  inches  and  wider.  The  width  for 
invoicing  shall  be  obtained  by  measuring  the  width  on 
both  faces  at  the  mid  length,  adding  together  and 
dividing  by  two. 


SrANDARD   WOOD   STEAMSHIP.  44 

17.  If  the  bilge  planking  is  not  edge  bolted  and  the 
bilge  frames  are  sawed  out  of  wide  flitches  instead  of 
being  cut  from  natural  crooks,  filUng  floors  will  have 
to  be  fitted  at  the  bilges  in  accordance  with  drawing 
373  No.  18A.  The  edge  bolting  of  the  planks  is  pre- 
ferred. 

18.  All  timbers  must  be  marked  with  paint  on  ends 
with  the  item  number. 

19.  Short  timbers  may  be  furnished  in  multiples  if 
the  pieces  are  properly  marked.  Thus,  a  14-foot  piece 
for  two  35A  items  should  be  marked  35A2,  a  16-foot 
piece  for  one  35E  and  one  35G  item  should  be  marked 
35E&G. 

20.  The  dressed  side  of  planking  shall  be  the  sap  side 
and  the  heart  side  is  to  be  placed  against  the  frames. 


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